Muhammad in Islam

Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib ibn Hāshim (Arabic: محمد بن عبد الله بن عبد المطلب‎) (c. 570 – 632), also transliterated as Muhammad, is considered in Islam to be a messenger (Quran 48:29) and prophet sent by God to guide the mankind to the right way (Quran 7:157). Muslims believe that Muhammad is the last in a series of prophets sent by God. The Quran, which is the central religious text of Islam, is believed by Muslims to have been revealed to Muhammad from God; and the religious, social, and political tenets that Muhammad established in the light of Quran became the foundation of Islam and Islamic civilization.
Born in about 570 CE into a respected Quraysh family of Mecca, he became an orphan at an early age, and spent most of his youth under the care of his uncle Abu Talib, mostly as a merchant. His fair and upright character earned for him the nickname "al-Amin" (Arabic: الامين), meaning "the Faithful". At the age of 25, he was employed to manage the business of a rich widow of Mecca, named Khadijah, now 40, who, charmed by the honesty of Muhammad, advanced a marriage proposal to him, and was accepted by Muhammad.
Perplexed by the laxer morality of his society, Muhammad, in later years, engaged himself in contemplation in a cave named Mount Hira where, as Muhammad himself reported, the arch-angel Gabriel appeared with the first revelation. This was the beginning of the descent of the Quran that continued up to the end of his life; and Muhammad was asked by God, as the Muslims hold, to preach the "oneness of God" in order to stamp out idolatry, a practice overtly present in the then Arab society. This invited serious opposition from the Quraysh, who were idol-worshippers, that eventually led to the persecution on Muhammad and his new followers. The continuous persecution of the Quraysh necessitated a group of poor, newly-converted Muslims to migrate to and settle in the neighboring Abyssinia until the climate in Arabia went to some extent in favor of the Muslims.
In order to carry on with his mission of preaching Islam, and upon the invitation of a delegation from Medina (then known as Yathrib), Muhammad, with his closest companion Abu Bakr, migrated to Medina in 622 CE, an event known as Hijra (in Latin: Hegira). A turning point in Muhammad’s life, this Hijra also marks the beginning of Islamic calendar. In Medina, Muhammad sketched out the Constitution of Medina specifying the rights of and relations among the various existing communities there, and managed to established the first Islamic state. Despite the ongoing hostilities of the Meccans, Muhammad, along with his followers, took the control of Mecca in 630 CE., treated its citizens with generosity, and ordered to destroy all the pagan idols.Before he passed away in 632, his teachings won him the acceptance of Islam of almost all the tribes of Arabian Peninsula.